Chinese Society for Immunology

International Meetings

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  The 14th International Symposium on Dendritic Cells

  2016-12-06

  The 14th International Symposium on Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology （DC2016）was held on October 14-18th, 2016 in Shanghai international convention center, Shanghai, China. The international symposium on Dendritic Cells is organized under the calling of one of the recipients of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Prof. Ralph M. Steinman (1943 –2011), and held every two years in different countries. This symposium aims to bring together the international scientific community of DC researches to share the new trends and emerging subjects in the field of dendritic cells.Professor Xuetao Cao, the Secretary-General of CSI chaired the Opening ceremony. Professor Jacques Banchereu from the Jackson Laboratory, USA, Professor Yongjun Liu from Sanofi, USA, Professor Federica Sallusto from IRB, USI, Switzerland, and Professor Xuetao Cao gave welcome remarks as the co-chairs of the scientific program committee of DC2016.In the next 5 days, 28 leading experts from the global world joined to DC2016 and made brilliant speeches centered on 8 traditional and newly emerging topics. These topics were: DC development and transcriptional regulation, DC PRRs signaling and epigenetic regulation, antigen processing and presentation, DC and T cell subsets, DC and infectious diseases and microbiomes, DC and inflammation diseases, DC and immunotherapy for cancer, and clinical trial and translational science. These topics not only contented the originality in basic immune research but also showed the potential applications in clinical immunology. Professor Ronald Germain from NIH, USA, Prof. Michel Nussenzweig from the Rockefeller University, USA and Prof. Tak Mak form Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Canada brings 3 keynote brilliant speeches, which showed the top international research level of the world. VIP scientists from Australia, Canada, China, France, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, UK and USA brought 25 plenary talks based on their extensive experience and the impact of their contribution to their respective field. DC2016 also provide much opportunities for the young investigators to give them chances to give the oral presentations.As a special session, Dr. Ursula Weiss, the senior editor of Nature, Dr. Peter Lee, the editor-in-chief of Immunity, Dr. Angela Colmone, the editor of Science Immunology, Dr. Lucy Bird, the senior editor of Nature Reviews Immunology and Dr. IoanaVisan, the senior editor of Nature Immunology had intended the “Meeting Editors” progress, and communicated with the participators, gave many useful information and advantages to them.Professor Jacques Bancereau chaired the Closing Ceremony, and during the ceremony, Professor Yongjun Liu presented Travel Award of DC2016 to 10 excellent young investigators from the global, to encourage the young scientists to keep on working.Over 600 participants from both China mainland and abroad came to DC2016. This successful international symposium promotes communication and cooperation between Chinese and the foreign immunologists. Chinese Society for Immunology and the National key laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University worked as the organizers.The 15th International Symposium on Dendritic Cells will be held in Aachen, Germany in 2018.

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  CSI Symposium of AAI 2016 Annual Meeting

  2016-06-01

  Chinese Society for Immunology (CSI) symposium of American Association of Immunologists (AAI) 2016 Annual Meeting was held in Seattle, WA, USA, May 14th, 2016. It has been 9 years since CSI started organizing a society symposium at AAI annual meeting. Prof. Zhigang Tian, President of CSI, and Prof. Weiping Zou from University of Michigan School of Medicine co-chaired the symposium. 5 invited professors made their speeches and shared their findings on the subject of “Innate Immunity in Stress and Homeostasis”. They are all young scholars educated abroad and returned to China recently and doing quite good in their areas. In his welcome speech, Prof. Zhigang Tian introduced current circumstances ready for potential researchers, and encouraged young Chinese immunologists to continue their researches in China, as the 5 speakers chose to do.Prof. Chengjiang Gao from Shandong University made the speech of “Feedback regulation of innate antiviral signaling”; Prof. Rongbin Zhou from University of Science and Technology of China made the speech of “The mechanisms for the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome”; Prof. Zhihua Liu from Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences made the speech of “Commensal bacteria direct selective cargo sorting to promote symbiosis”; Prof. Hongyan Wang from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, made the speech of “Identification of VEGFR3 and STK4 as new targets for inflammation-related diseases”; Prof. Dawang Zhou from Xiamen University made the speech of “The kinases Mst1 and Mst2 positively regulate phagocytic induction of reactive oxygen species and bactericidal activity”.Prof. Littman, President of AAI, and Prof. Finn, former President of AAI, who founded this symposium with Prof. Xuetao Cao as well, attended the symposium and made speeches. Prof. Bing Sun, Vise-President of CSI, also attended the meeting.Along with the rapid development of immunological research in China, the CSI symposium in AAI annual meeting becomes more and more attractive. About 200 immunologists from different countries joined this symposium. The chairmen, speakers and attenders have made communications deeply and widely around the edge topics of immunology.Chairmen, honor guests and speakers

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  The 2nd Chinese-Finish Joint Seminar on Immunology was held in Beijing

  2016-04-19

  To open up a larger international network of immunologists, the 2nd Chinese-Finish Joint Seminar on Immunology was held from March 31 to April 1, 2016, Beijing, co-hosted by Chinese Society for Immunology (CSI) and Beijing Society for Immunology, organized by Peking University Health Science Center.It was the second time immunologists from two countries shared their ideas and new findings, while the first symposium was held in Turku University, Finland, in September 2014 and turned out quite successful. Both sides decided to make it a regular platform of scientific exchange and communication.As the co-host of the meeting, Chinese Society for Immunology actively participated: President of CSI, Professor Zhigang Tian and Vice President of CSI, Professor Yuzhang Wu attended the seminar and gave speeches. The invited Chinese immunologists also included President of Beijing Society for Immunology, Professor Minghui Zhao, Professor Yu Zhang from Peking University, Professor Fusheng Wang from 302 Military Hospital, Professor Zhinan Yin from Jinan University, Professor Li Wu from Tsinghua University, Professor Taoyong Chen from Second Military Medical University, Professor Fuping You from Peking University, Professor Bo Huang from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Professor Lilin Ye from Third Military Medical University. Finish immunologists included Professors Marko Pesu, Riitta Lahesmaa, Arno Hänninen, Mika Rämet, Jaana Vuopio, Zhi Chen. Around 100 basic and clinic researchers, graduate students attended the meeting.President of CSI, Professor Zhigang Tian gave a speechTopics of the seminar were: cell development and immune regulation, immune related disease, infection and immunity. 17 immunologists from both countries gave talks respectively, introducing their labs and recent development, exchanging ideas with meeting participants.Invited speakersThis meeting deepened mutual understanding of both sides. Finish immunologists said it was an amazement that huge progress was made in Chinese immunology research in recent years, and Chinese researchers were quite impressed with the high level of Finland immunological studies. During the discussions after the meeting, immunologists from both sides agreed that there is wide cooperation between two countries in the future.Exchanging presents

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  4th Chinese-German Joint Symposium of Immunology

  2015-11-20

  Funded by the Chinese-German Science Center, sponsored by the Chinese Society for Immunology (CSI) and German Society for Immunology, the 4th Chinese-German Joint Symposium of Immunology has been held in Chengdu in November 10 to 13th, 2015. Professor Xuetao Cao, the Secretary-General of CSI, and Professor Stefan Meuer, former Chairman of the German Society for Immunology co-chaired this conference.Chinese-German Joint Symposium of Immunology is supported by immunologists of both countries and has been successfully held four times. The bilateral cooperation and the collaborative education program for young scholars have provided a strong support for the continuous exchanges and development of immunology between China and Germany. In a brief and cozy opening ceremony, professor Xuetao Cao and professor Stefan Meuer delivered a speech, respectively. They introduced the experience gained from the two countries' immunological communication and prospected the future cooperation of the two sides.The theme of this symposium is “tumor immunology: foundation, microenvironment and clinical transplantation”. 26 experts from China and Germany made brilliant reports centered on this theme. These reports mainly focus on: 1) inflammation, bone marrow cells and cancer; 2) T cell and anti-tumor immunity; 3) NK cell and anti-tumor immunity; 4) microenvironment and tumor; 5) immune regulation; 6) B cell and tumor markers; 7) new methods for tumor therapy; 8) immune editing of cancer and so on. The latest results and hot spots showing in these reports not only contented the originality in basic immune research but also showed the potential applications in clinical immunology. Further, these reports demonstrated the continuous efforts made by the two sides to promote the basic research to clinical transformations in immunology.15 immunologists from Germany participated in this symposium, including professor Hannover Reinhold from Hannover University, academician of the German Academy of Sciences; professor Andreas Radbruch from Leipzig University, academician of the German Academy of Sciences; professor Dieter Kabelitz from Kiel University; professor Stefan Meuer from Heidelberg University. Chinese immunologist representatives including professor Xuetao Cao, Wei He, Bo Huang and Xiaofeng Qin from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; professor Zhigang Tian from School of life sciences, University of Science & Technology of China; professor Bing Sun and professor Zhihai Qin from the Chinese Academy of Sciences; professor Wenwei Tu from Hong Kong University; professor Limin Zheng from Sun Yat-Sen University; professor Jiyan Zhang from Academy of Military Medical Sciences; professor Taoyong Chen from Second Military Medical University. In this symposium, each report presented by German professors was brilliant and showed the top international research level of Germany. Furthermore, Chinese immunologists’ reports were also excited and demonstrated the rapid development of China's immunology.In addition to the tight academic schedule, the host arranged local cultural visiting activities for Chinese and German scholars to promote cultural exchanges between China and Germany. Besides the intense academic exchanges, the participants enjoyed the thick traditions and cultural customs of the ancient capital of Sichuan province. Inevitably, it will further deepen the friendship between the two countries and lay the foundation for further cooperation between the two sides in the future.As an important part of the symposium, Chinese and German experts carried out positive discussions on how to further refine the bilateral cooperation in immunology research after the completion of the academic exchanges. The committee organized the research ideas, the research priorities and the advantages of cooperation between the two sides, and indicated a clear direction for the future substantive research cooperation between the two sides.Chinese and German scholars gave thanks for the long-term trust and support by the Chinese-German Science Center. This symposium promote mutual understanding and cooperation between Chinese and German immunologists, and it will continue to promote exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and German scientists, make unremitting efforts and positive contributions in promoting the development of immunology in the two countries.

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  4th CSI/JSI/KAI Joint Symposium on Immunology was held in Suzhou

  2015-09-29

  The 4th CSI/JSI/KAI (Chinese Society for Immunology / Japanese Society for Immunology / Korea Association for Immunology) Joint Symposium on Immunology, sponsored by Chinese Society for Immunology, and hosted by Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, has been held in Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, September 19th to 21st, 2015. 28 representatives from three Societies shared their new findings and discussed progresses in the field of immunology. Chinese representatives included Prof. Xuetao Cao, President of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Prof. Zhigang Tian, President of Chinese Society for Immunology, Dr. Bing Sun from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Prof. Sidong Xiong from Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Prof. Li Wu from Tsinghua University, Prof. Yuzhang Wu from Third Military Medical University, Prof. Zhihai Qin from Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Prof. Linrong Lu from School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Prof. Zhenhong Guo from Second Military Medical University, and Prof. Rongbin Zhou from University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Genhong Cheng, Xiaofeng Qin and Yili Yang from Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, and Prof. Bo Huang from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences co-chaired the conference. The attendees of the meeting also included Prof. Qunyan Lv from National Natural Science Foundation of China.The topics of this conference included molecular biology of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, innate and acquired immunity, anti-tumor and anti-infection immunity. All the attendees agreed that as a high-level and deep-discussion conference, it provided a great opportunity for communicating the new discoveries and thoughts, promoting the development of immunology research, and making efforts to conquer diseases endangering human health. They were looking forward to the next symposium in Japan with more exciting immunology discoveries to discuss.Interestingly to notice that among 9 representatives from Japan, besides Prof. Shizuo Akira, President of Japanese Society for Immunology, the other 8 representatives were all young scholars at their 30s. Most of their researches are systemic ones at molecular, cellular and integration levels, based on biological phenomenon and disease, showing the originality and high level of their work. Among 9 representatives from Korea, most of them work on clinic treatment and basic medical research, which attracted our attention. The work on formation of lymph-vessel by Prof. Lee Seung-Hyo has made a great impression . Prof. Xuetao Cao, Zhigang Tian, Bing Sun, Yuzhang Wu, Sidong Xiong, and et al from China has introduced their remarkable work on epigenetic regulation of inflammation and autoimmunity, development of intrahepatic NK cells, signal transduction of intracellular DNA virus reaction, differentiation mechanism of T cells, innate immunity of HBV, showing the great achievements and developing potentials of immunology research in China.The first CSI/JSI/KAI Joint Symposium on Immunology was held in Shanghai in 2009, which was launched by Prof. Xuetao Cao, President of Chinese Society for Immunology then. The second symposium was held in Osaka, Japan in 2011, and the third one was held in Busan, Korea in 2013. The symposium was an efficient platform for CSI, JSI and KAI, with the aim to promote the development of immunology research at Asian area, as well as to deepen the friendship and strengthen the cooperation among three countries.Prof. Zhigang Tian, President of CSI, pointed out at the closing speech that at the first CSI/JSI/KAI Joint Symposium on Immunology, only a few speeches from China had reached the first class international standard, and it seemed that the development of Japanese immunological research was far ahead of both China and Korea. After 7 years, now it seems that Chinese, Japanese and Korean immunological researches are at the same level. Prof. Xuetao Cao at his speech emphasized that immune-related diseases among all diseases greatly affect human health and life quality, and immunotherapy is the hope of conquering tumor, as well as one of the most important components of Precision Medicine. He said Chinese immunologists would seize the developing opportunity and make greater contributions for the development of immunology and elimination of human diseases.

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  1st NI-CMI Joint Conference on Immunology was held in Hefei

  2015-07-12

  The 1st NI-CMI Joint Conference on Immunology, cosponsored by Nature Immunology and Cellular & Molecular Immunology (CMI, official journal of Chinese Society for Immunology), has been held in Hefei in June 17th to 19th, 2015. Prof. Xuetao Cao, President of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Prof. Zhigang Tian, executive editor of CMI & President of Chinese Society for Immunology, Dr. Ursula Weiss, senior editor of Nature, Dr. Zoltan Fehervari, senior editor of Nature Immunology, Prof. Luke O’Neill from Trinity College Dublin co-chaired the conference.23 famous immunologists gave their remarkable speeches on inflammation, stress and immune homeostasis. They were Prof. Anne Croy from Queen’s University, Canada, Prof. Masayuki Yamamoto from Sendai University, Japan, Prof. Yangxin Fu from the University of Chicago, Prof. Mark Donath from University of Basel, Prof. Andrew McKenzie from University of Cambridge, Prof. Kenya Honda from Keio University, Japan, Prof. Antonio Bertoletti from National University of Singapore, Prof. Wajahat Mehal from University of Yale, Prof. Eike Latz from University of Bonn, Germany, Prof. Feng Shao from National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Prof. Rongbin Zhou from University of Science and Technology of China, Prof. Youcun Qian, Bing Sun and Yufang Shi from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Prof. Zhengfan Jiang from Peking University, Prof. Hai Qi and Zhongjun Dong from Tsinghua University, Prof. Yuzhang Wu from Third Military Medical University, Prof. Cai Zhang from Shandong University, Prof. Liming Zheng from Sun Yat-sen University. The topics of their speeches included stress and immunity, innate immune signaling, inflammasome and spontaneous inflammatory disease, inflammation and homeostasis, inflammation and metabolism, allergic disease, inflammation and tumor. The attendees of the meeting also included Dr. Yvonne Bordon, senior editor of Nature Reviews Immunology, and Prof. Zhiqing Hu from Medical School Showa University, Japan.The conference attracted around 500 researchers from all over the world. Besides invited speeches, the conference also organized sessions of Poster Exhibition, Round Table discussions, and Meet the Editors for direct communications with editors from Nature serial journals, which won wide applause from the attendees.Prof. Zhigang Tian Chairing the MeetingProf. Xuetao Cao Giving the Beginning SpeechRemarkable Speeches Given by ExpertsAsking Questions and DiscussionSession of Round TableSession of Meet the EditorsPoster Exhibition

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  AAI-CSI joint Symposium in the 2014 AAI annual meeting

  2014-05-20

  The 2014 AAI (the American Association of Immunologists) annual meeting has been held on May 2-6, 2014, at David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. More than 2000 participants from USA and other countries have attended this meeting. As usual, there were guest society symposia and the AAI-CSI (Chinese Society for Immunology) joint symposium was held on May 4 at room 319, and it is the 7th time since CSI has been invited to host a guest society symposium in AAI annual meeting. Prof. Xuetao Cao, the president of CSI, and Prof. Olivera J. Finn from University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine co-chaired this symposium.The topic of this symposium is “Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Chronic Inflammation and Immunosuppression”, around which four professors from China gave speech respectively: Prof. Xuetao Cao gave the key note speech titled of “Overview of tumor immunology and immunotherapy in China”, introducing the rapid development of tumor immunology in China and the new findings on type I IFN and hepatocarcinoma from his lab; Prof. Limin Zheng from Sun Yat-sen University made the speech titled of “Macrophage plasticity in distinct microenvironments of human tumor”, discussing the plasticity of macrophages in human hepatocelluar carcinoma tissue and its effect on tumor development; Prof. Xiyun Yan from Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science made the speech titled of “Targeting CD146 for cancer immunotherapy”, talking about the searching of new target for anti-tumor antibody preparation; and Prof Bo Huang from Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences made the speech titled of “Microparticles in cancer immunotherapy”, introducing the new anti-tumor therapy by tumor cell-derived microparticles.The exciting research achievements by Chinese immunologists on the tumor immunology attracted so many participants than expected that some of them had to stand during the whole meeting because there were no enough seats for all participants. During the symposium many questions were asked and discussed, both speakers and attendees enjoyed sharing opinions on the hot topics on immunology. As always, the CSI symposium in the AAI annual meeting is not only a good opportunity to reflect the rapid development of Chinese immunology directly, but also to show the confidence of Chinese immune researchers all around the world.

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  The 2nd CAMS-Oxford University International Center for Translational Immunology symposium

  2014-04-01

  The 2nd CAMS (the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) and Oxford University International Center for Translational Immunology (CTI) symposium has been held successfully at Oxford University from March 24th to 26th, 2014.Six Chinese scientists attended this symposium, including Prof. Xuetao Cao, the president of CAMS and CSI (the Chinese society for immunology) and Prof. Bo Huang from CAMS. The symposium started at 8:40 a.m. Prof. Vincenzo Cerundolo of Oxford University, chair of this symposium, and Prof. Xuetao Cao made welcome speeches respectively, expressing the wish to promote the development of immunology research at both sides and countries, as well as to deepen the friendship and strengthen the cooperation between both organizations.After that, researchers from both sides gave speeches around the following topics: recognition and transduction of innate immune signaling, visualization of immune molecules, molecular mechanisms of TCR (T cell receptor) activation, mucosal immunity and tumor immunity, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and clinical immunology, and these topics represent and reflect the direction and research hotspots from both sides.The symposium not only showed the originality of basic research, but also the applicability of clinical research. The Oxford University representatives gave 6 speeches. Dr. Jan Rehwinkel gave speech with the title “Type I interferons and cell intrinsic immunity to virus infection”; Prof. Christian Eggeling introduced utilizing advanced microscopical technique to study the cellular immune response at the nanometer level; Prof. Simon Davis reported the molecular mechanism of leukocyte receptor triggering; Prof. Fiona Powrie gave speech on the intestinal immunity; Alain Townsend gave speech on the anti-flu antibody preparation titled of “Therapeutic antibodies to H7N9 influenza”; and Prof. David Jackson introduced the movement of lymphocytes in the lymph vessels and its relationship with inflammation and tumor.As a keynote speaker, Prof. Xuetao Cao gave a speech titled of “Molecular sensors in innate immune response and immunotherapy”. Based on the work of his lab with the Chinese traditional philosophy of Yin and Yang, Prof. Cao introduced the molecular recognition mechanism of innate immune response, cellular variation, and novel immunotherapy induced, which made great impression to all participants. Prof. Bo Huang introduced the function of microparticles from tumor cells in the tumor immunology. Other representatives from CAMS introduced new developments in clinical immunology and translational medicine.As an important part of the symposium, the host also prepared round table meeting. Prof. Vincenzo Cerundolo introduced the research of his team on iNKT and tumor immunology. Other representatives from Oxford University introduced their research area, discussing the directions and models for further cooperation, which may include tumor immunology, virus immunity, autophagy and immunity, memory T cells as well as metabolism and immunity.During the whole symposium, representatives from both sides had a lot of topics discussed. Along with the meeting the host elaborately organized a visit of local hospital and a culture tour. This symposium is not only a platform for communication and exchange ideas among immunologists from both organizations, but also the platform for promoting understanding each other and friendship.

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  Retrospect of the 3rd CSI/JSI/KAI Joint Symposium on Immunology

  2013-11-10

  The 3rd CSI/JSI/KAI (the Chinese Society for Immunology/the Japanese Society for Immunology/the Korea Association for Immunology) Joint Symposium on Immunology has been held on December 1-3, 2013 at POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang College, Pohang city, Korea. 7 representatives from CSI, 8 from JSI and 9 from KAI have given speeches on the cutting edge and recent advancement of immunology.Representatives from CSI include Prof. Fu Gao (Institute of microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Prof. Xiaolong Liu (Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Prof. Bo Huang (Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Prof. Yu Zhang (Medical School, Peking University), Prof. Hai Qi (Medical School, Tsinghua University), Prof. Xiaofeng Qin (School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-San University), and Prof. Haiyan Liu (Suzhou University).The symposium is composed of four sections, including: innate immunity and infectious diseases; immunotherapy and immune regulation; metabolic diseases and inflammation; and the biology of T cells and mucosal immunity.Drs. Yong-Joon Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin and You-Me Kim from KAI, and Drs. Fu Gao and Haiyan Liu from CSI gave speeches on innate immunity and infectious diseases; Drs. Inpyo Choi, Gou Young Koh and Seong Hoe Park from KAI, Drs. Bo Huang and Xiaofeng Qin, and Drs. Toshinori Nakayama and Motomu Shimaoka from JSI gave speeches on immunotherapy and immune regulation; Drs. Myung-Shik Lee and Yoon Keun Kim from KAI, Drs. Satoko Arai, Satoshi Nishimura, Keiji Hirota and Wooseok Seo from JSI gave speeches on metabolic diseases and inflammation; Dr. Charles Surh from KAI, Drs. Kiyoshi Hirahara and Jun Kunisawa from JSI, and Drs. Xiaolong Liu, Yu Zhang and Hai Qi from CSI gave speeches on the biology of T cells and mucosal immunity.Highlights of this meeting were summarized as follows. Firstly, the speeches focused in the field of immunity on metabolic diseases and inflammation, especially on intestinal flora and tumor immunity, and these topics represent and reflect the direction and research hotspots of immunology. Secondly, most of the representatives from JSI (6 from 8) are young immunologists with age of 30s, and their work focused on intestinal flora and mucosal immunity, and showed their much potential to perform excellent immunological research. Moreover, it was found that two of these young Japanese immunologists did not go outside for oversea training, but their English was also very good, marking a strong developing trend of immunological researches in Japan. Thirdly, 3 representatives from KAI reported their work on intestinal flora, in particularly Prof. Charles Surh has successfully made the laboratory platform on Germ-free mice and food antigen-free mice. In summary, Japanese immunologists have shown great potentials of the research on the intestinal flora and mucosal immunity. Korean immunologists also showed considerable potential. For example, the work by Prof. Gou Young Koh on the visualization of lymph vessels was very impressive, and Prof. Yoon Keun Kim’s work, showing that vesicles from intestinal flora are the cause of the allergic diseases such as asthma, also made great impression to all participants. Chinese immunologists showed great potentials on tumor immunology, especially for the work by Prof. Bo Huang on tumor cell-derived mircoparticles.This symposium is not only a platform for communication and exchange ideas among immunologists from the three countries, but also the platform for promoting understanding each other and friendship. Moreover, the representatives from CSI have noticed the gap between immunological research in China and the research in Japan or Korea. How to construct new platform and system for immunological research to accelerate the whole scientific levels is still a great challenge faced by Chinese immunologists.

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